The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Among Adolescents with Mild to Moderate

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Among Adolescents with Mild to Moderate Depression Kaplan and Sadock (as cited in Brollier, Hamrick & Jacobson, 1994) stated that depression, during the teen years, has become an increasing area of concern in psychiatry (Kaplan & Sadock, 1991. Kashani, Carlson, Beck, Hoeper, Corcoran, McAllister, Fallahi, Rosenberg and Reid (as cited in Brollier, Hamrick ,& Jacobson, 1994) studied the prevalence of depression in adolescents and reported that approximately 8% of adolescents experienced depressive disorders. Kaplan and Sadock (as cited in Brollier et al., 1994) suggested that new forms of treatment are needed when dealing with adolescents because adolescents often do not respond well to medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychotherapy, which are used on adults. Exercise, or physical activity, of an aerobic nature has been widely used as part of the recommended medical treatment for many health problems, and the physiological health benefits associated with exercise have been well documented. Brown, Ramierez,, and Taub (as cited in Mihevic, 1982) have stated that within recent years, exercise has been increasingly used for the treatment of depression as well. The results of a study conducted by Maroulakis and Zerva (1993) have shown that all dimensions of mood were positively affected by exercise to a significant extent. They went further to say that exercise is the most important natural mood modulator. Many studies have been conducted which examine the effects of aerobic exercise on depression scores of normal adult patients, and adult patients with depression. One such study, conducted by McCann and Holmes (1984), concluded that participation in a program of strenuous aerobi... ... on mood of adult women. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 795-801. McCann, I.L., & Holmes, D.S. (1984). Influence of aerobic exercise on depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1142-1147. Milhevic, P.M. (1982). Anxiety, depression and exercise. Quest, 33, 140-153. Norris, R., Carroll, D., & Cochrane, R. (1990). The effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on fitness, blood pressure, and psychological stress and well-being. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 34, 367-375. Norris, R., Carroll, D., & Cochrane, R. (1991). The effects of physical activity and exercise training on psychological stress and well-being in the adolescent population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 55-65. Stein, P.N., & Motta, R.W. (1992). Effects of aerobic and nonaerobic exercise on depression and self-concept. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 79-89.

Nfl Rule Changes

Sorry ladies but this one is for the guys. Fellas close your eyes imagine you went through college playing your favorite sport or in this case football, imagine your on defense the running back has the ball he’s about to score the game winning touchdown and just as he’s getting to run across the goal line BAM! You knock him clean off his feet before he scores and you guys win the game. But wait you hear whistles and see flags everywhere, you just got penalized for un-sportsmen like conduct, the ball is placed at the spot of the penalty and you get fined over $25,000 dollars, all because your helmet accidently hit the other player’s helmet.This is what the NFL has come down to people. In this speech I am going to share with you the new rules implemented into football, the type of fines you get for playing football (doing your job) and how I think football will be ruined in the next 10 years. To Begin With, according to http://www. nfl. com/rulebook over the last t en years or so football (NFL and NCAA) has been adding rules that are intended to protect players, and rules that have no significance other than to give the offense an advantage .Roughing the passer rules, illegal contact, horse collar tackling, below the waist blocks, head to head contact, and many more. Football to me is a gladiator sport played by tough strong men who play hurt and try to hurt others. It seems that lately the leagues just want high profile players scoring all the time, with no violence or defense. It’s becoming more like basketball, is the game on the decline? Also, look at the tough as nails superstars of last year, where have they gone. And if you can watch a football game from the 50? s 60? s or 70? Yes, these rules have made football rather boring. Obviously, they don’t remember names such as Mean Joe Greene, Jack Lambert, Howie Long, and others. These guys were hard hitting players. The NFL says they are looking out for the future of the playe rs and that’s why they implement all these rules but then at the same time they lengthen the season it just doesn’t make sense. Secondly, let’s go back to the 2011 season the infamous â€Å"lockout† where in a few short words â€Å"the NFL was going broke† thankfully they got through it and now we have football for sure until 2016.But it’s funny to see the results of the lockout till this day. Two years ago players didn’t have to worry about all these strictly enforced rules but now since the NFL needs more money you hear about all these ridiculous fines that the players get for simply just doing their job which is to play football. There are people in this world that work hard every day of their lives and most of them don’t make what football players get fined in a whole year of working. For example, according to the Bleach Report at http://bleacherreport. com players such as E.J. Henderson who was fined $5,000 for illegal use of hands, Richie Incognito was also fined for $5,000 for a facemask penalty and an additional $5,000 for an illegal chop block. Plaxico Burress  was fined $5,000 for tossing a ball into the stands after scoring a touchdown against  San Francisco; DeAngelo Williams was fined $7,500 for throwing a couple balls into the stands in their game against  New Orleans. And a real ridiculous one was Lamar Woodley who was fined $10,000 for sacking  Redskins  quarterback Jason Campbell â€Å"in an intimidating manner. I know it’s not just me who thinks these fines are ill-advised. Last, let’s talk about how I think the NFL or the game of football in general is going to change. We can all agree that football now isn’t the same football ten, twenty years ago which in some ways can be good for instance the equipment has improved in great strides but even though they are making more protective equipment they are taking the violence that I and the rest of America like that comes with the game of football.By adding all these rules that you can’t hit players a certain way, you have to use certain body parts to tackle, and even after the tackle you have all that adrenaline corseting through your veins and you can’t even express your emotions without getting penalized and as a football player I can tell you that’s unfair that’s what the people like to see the emotion. Now let’s talk about college football even they have added rules to the rule book.And as much as some of you might not think it’s a big deal it is to us defensive players, because now not only do we have to figure out what the offense is doing, where the ball is at now we have to worry about when they have the ball where to â€Å"properly† tackle them or having to wait till the receiver has â€Å"complete control† of the ball before a defensive player can hit him, how is that football if I’m letting him catch the ball I was under the impression that we don’t let them catch the ball but whatever. And according to http://www. theatlanticwire. om they are even trying to change more rules to make football â€Å"more safe† at this rate kids in college aren’t going to want to play professional football anymore which will cause a big problem cause according to NFL. com NFL merchandise makes up for 53% of its total profit. And no one will watch what is left of what the NFL calls football. To conclude, to sum up what I’m trying to say is if no one stands up to what the commissioners are trying to do with football there’s going to be a lot of changes that no one likes they need to come up with some kind of alternative to fining player and suspending the for doing their jobs.So next time you’re watching a game on TV or at the stadium and you see a player get tackled and it’s a big hit just remember the person who tackled the player is most likely going to get fine d more than most people in America make in a year. And mark my words if the NFL doesn’t do something quick the fans will have a big impact and football will change as we know it. Ron, Rokhy. â€Å"NFL tackling itself with new â€Å"safety† rules. â€Å"Daily Sundial.Copyright  © 2012 – Daily Sundial, 06 09 2011. Web. 12 Feb 2013. . John, Hudson. â€Å"Will the NFL's New Hitting Rules Ruin Football?. †Ã‚  Atlantic Wire. Copyright  © 2013 by The Atlantic Monthly Group, 19 10 2010. Web. 12 Feb 2013. . Derek, Correspondent â€Å"Is Roger Goodell Ruining Football?. †Ã‚  Bleacher Report. Copyright  © 2013 Bleacher Report, Inc, 05 04 2009. Web. 12 Feb 2013. .

What Does The Black Guy Do - 1624 Words

I do not think there is a single time in our day in age where I flip on the television to the news and what do I see? Of course, racism. Through excessive force or â€Å"necessary force† which usually happens between the minority and white. Through religion and constant murder, today’s day in age is truly disgusting. Racial segregation is becoming increasingly more prevalent in today’s society, it’s the hot topic on all mainstream news channels and other media outlets. Media portrays the stories in an interesting way, they enjoy emphasizing the race of the officer’s involved and the victim. Constant headlines like â€Å"Black man choked to death by officer.† â€Å"Black teen shot and killed by white officer.† like it’s a trend now. When I read these titles I generally think â€Å"Oh what did the black guy do?† because the War on Drugs and simple inequality has brought a negative stigma to this race; Constantly in and out of jail, drug abusers, gangbangers, and just all around criminals. This is what the media has led me to think. Once a stigma is developed and constantly used in a â€Å"joking† or serious manner I see that in actuality it really is developing due to the excess use and our nature to be superior to our counterparts. The African American community has embraced this stigma and you can see it in the younger generations. Violence erupting in communities where law enforcement has to step in; riots, looting and more of our nation’s blood spilled, oh joy. An extremely controversial topicShow MoreRelatedFamily Guy, An Animated Sitcom Produced By Seth Macfarlane1489 Words   |  6 Pages Family Guy, an animated sitcom produced by Seth MacFarlane, has humored millions of viewers since it first premiered in 1999. It captivates viewers through its satirical content, which not only tackles issues that are prominent and relevant to its audience, but also entertains them. 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Tok Essay - 1553 Words

â€Å"The historian’s task is to understand the past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future.† To what extent is this true in these areas of knowledge? Colegio Franklin Delano Roosevelt November 13 2013 May 2014 Exam Session Word Count: 1600 Humans have come to accept that History by mere definition is the exploration and study of history whereas the Human Sciences are defined as the in depth study of social, biological and cultural aspects of human beings. As humans we have used and accepted this two Areas of Knowledge, to interpret and understand the world around us. History and Human Sciences seek to influence humans through language, reason, and emotion. An assumption is made here that†¦show more content†¦Since our knowledge is primarily based on intuitions and assumptions as to what a person’s behavior is going to be5, it can then be inferred by historians what will happen in the future. Although historians seek for evidence to substantiate their facts, there are times were no physical evidence is found therefore they discard their evidence as merely a myth or relate it to other accounts who share a similar believe. Nonetheless historians, who fail to seek into the past to substantiate their viewpoint, don’t necessarily neglect the idea of using the evidence found to better the future. When a historian is successful at achieving his goal and writes a successful review on a historical event it is then when he reasons as to whether the information can be applied to the future to make an improvement or if it should be discarded as another piece of evidence of our history’s past. On similar concept, Human Sciences also study the past to try and change the future. Anthropology as a branch of this AOK cultural anthropology6 studies the cultural and social variation among the different communities and races in the world. 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Examination of Clinical Psychology - 1306 Words

The examination of clinical psychology increases from Sigmund Freud to Greek philosophy as well as contemporary psychology that gathers information from science, ideas, and other jurisdictions. The exploration of science moves forward and alters clinical mediations as empirically grounded proof backing up the ethics which psychologist in the clinical field treat human trials. However, significant differences occur among clinical psychologists and other psychological sciences, each enhances the best eminence of life for and from the social spirit (James James, 1991). History has delivered several amazing developments, each has given milestone for scientific research and medical investigation. Since then Lightner Witmer has come up with the concept of clinical psychology when he opened his clinic in 1896. Greek philosophers seen the connection of body and mind as well as the impact the association had with illnesses because of the rich history of the Greeks. Aristotle, Plato, and Hippocrates witnessed the inner being of the soul and felt as though the problems within the physical illness were because of these spirits in the body (Plante, 2011, p.34). Consequently, curing ailments and irrationality was an issue of the spirit, and mental along with physical sicknesses were thought to be a hole in character. Scientific exploration was brought back by the Renaissance as rendering paranormal and sacred perceptions unscientific. Although, biomedical reductionism wasShow MoreRelatedExamination of Clinical Psychology1819 Words   |  8 PagesExamin ation of Clinical Psychology Vicki Roberson 480 AUGUST 7, 2011 Elizabeth Kane Examination of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology was not discovered until 1879, at the University of Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany, by Wilhelm Wundt. 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Clinical psychology deals with a broad range of specialties, including individuals whoRead MoreEssay about Examination of Clinical P sychology1197 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EXAMINATION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Examination of Clinical Psychology University of Phoenix PST/480 Karen Wilson Nov 14, 2011 Examination of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is a very important as well as popular part of the field of psychology that is used very often. To begin, a definition of clinical psychology will be included. According to APA (2009) â€Å"Clinical psychology attempts to use the principles of psychology to better understand, predictRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1630 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a very broad field of study and requires a lot of research when choosing a career. The education that is required for pursuing a career in the field of psychology depends on the type of psychologist you want to be. 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Employment Relations in China

Question: Discuss about the Employment Relations in China. Answer: Introduction: Employment relations generally mean the relationship that exists between the two parties known as employers and the employees. It is a legal link which exists when an individual performs a set of work allocated to him/her under specific situations and in exchange for that he/she gets certain remuneration. Basically, employers and employees are the two key factors that interact and communicate in employment relations, whether directly or indirectly. However, there is one more important member that plays an efficient role in the employment relations and that is known as the State. The State is not a single regulatory body, but many agencies and institutions are there which comes under the State and designed to perform different roles and duties (Shao, Nyland, Zhu, 2011). In general, the State belongs to an open system and is a very powerful source. The State is the name given in short, to describe the interactions and regulations of all the agencies that come under the government to c arry out its functions including the judiciary, the civil service, the military, other government bodies, and the employment agencies such as the Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service, in short termed as ACAS. As it is discussed earlier that the State is not a single performer, but it is comprised of many governments and employment agencies, it influences the employment relationship in many different ways. It participates in the making of law and legal bindings and its enforcement in various areas of an employment relationship (Wailes, 2008). China is a country that is not fully developed but is developing with an average population and plays a significant role in influencing the global economy of the world. It has been seen as an emerging superpower, which has the ability to compete with many of the worlds highly advanced and developed countries in the market place. It also embraces the elements and characteristics of a free market economy, which means that it has a few restrictions of government over the market. However, the current structure of employment relationship with the country of China specifically includes the features like tough working conditions, under development in the law s of employment, migrant labor, high turnover of the employee, and weakened the rights of employees. This structure of China is so much influenced by the process of Globalization and the succession of China in World Trade Organization. The State has the major role to play in the dynamics of the employment relationships in China, and it affects both the ways, i.e. positive and negative to the employment relations (Wong, 2008). There are various laws and contract designed by the state keeping in mind the employment relationship of employers and employees. These laws and contract help in making the place of work free of disputes and determining equal rights of the individuals who work for a company. It helps in maintaining a better relationship between them and improves and stabilize the situations of the labors giving them certain benefits which they deserve. Fair pay and the equal distribution of remuneration influences the workers to work actively for the betterment of the employer to achieve the common purpose of the organization (Scott, 2000). Hence, it leads to the development of the work structure of the companies and the economic growth of the country. China has made remarkable progress with the introduction of the concept of collective bargaining. This is a very old concept introduced in 1990s, but with the effect and consideration of Labor Contract Law by the state, this power maintained its balanc e in the employment relations. It provides almost equal rights to both the parties to have influence and keep their point of consideration over each other when it comes to negotiation, which proves to be beneficial in providing a fair and equal opportunity to everyone who relates to this category (Chan Hui, 2013). Earlier in 1960s, there were no laws that administer the employment relations in China. However, it was the first country to introduce the Trade Union Law and Labor Law in the country. The norms and regulations of the new laws then introduced created provisions for labor dispute settlement and provided meaningful security to the workers engaged in such activities. It centered its attention in creating balance through a pluralistic system of politics by producing solutions to the problems. The party state in the country made an attempt to aggregate stake holders interests with the help of its associations (Howell, 2015). Therefore, the balance in all of these factors led to the development of the industrial relations which is quite a strength when it comes to employment relations. The trade unions of China are constituted under the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, in short pronounced as ACFTU. It is known as the largest trade union amongst the whole world and comprised of various regional federations and industrial unions of national level. The State has set up fair and effective laws for unions, which resulted in the expansion and growth of trade union organization. The rework on trade union laws provided decisions for organizing workers who are migrant which accelerated the growth rate in the trade union membership (Cathy Walker, 2013). Systematic arrangement and organizing migrant workers create various opportunities for the expansion of their area of influence and the new methods of collective bargaining. The State decided to focus more on maintaining harmonious and peaceful society and cent ered its laws to protect the people more than anything else. This kind of system provides equal opportunities for the workers and encourages trust and confidence among them. It helps in the undisturbed settlement of labor disputes and encourages the peace and harmony in the workplace which is of utmost importance for the country as well as the trade unions. It promotes economic and industrial growth and due to legal bindings and restrictions and the penalties imposed, people are likely to solve small problems by themselves without any conflicts (Greenfield, 2004). There has been a rise in the conflicts between the workers over the last few years. The major causes of disputes include compensation, remuneration, labor insurance, and other welfare schemes. This has put the legal framework of the State in question as to whether the kind of contractual and legal regulations are working to create benefits and protection to workers or it is just increasing the rate of conflicts among the workers and labors (Cooke, 2008). It also has been noted by the kind of settlements that the employers and organizations are increasingly violating the legal rights for employees. Hence, it has become the greatest weakness on the part of the State as it adversely affects the work structure and economic stability. It also indicates that the market reforms and economic alterations have triggered increased problems and conflicts between labor and management (Chen Tang, 2013). The establishment and implementation of Labor Contract System in the country of China does not meet its expected standards of effectiveness in relation to regulate employment. The demand for labor in China exceeded its supply, thus affecting the bargaining power of workers. There also has been seen some inadequacies and ambiguities in the contract system which provide the employers with unnecessary rights to abuse the benefits of employees (Lin, 2016). The failure of local government to execute appropriate inspections seems to be a flaw on the part the government. The emergence of this system tends to enhance the labor costs and remuneration as it emphasizes more on the rights of employees and labor. It threatens the recruitment of graduates and peasant workers as the Labor law provides more emphasis on labor protection. The enterprises and organizations prefer to take highly qualified and educated workers rather than taking immediate graduates or fresher in order to minimize the labor costs which has increased after the implementation of Labor Contract System. It maximizes the difficulty of searching jobs for an average qualified individuals, and the contract system makes the job short-term, thus, resulting in the problems of job security (Vriesacker Mortelmans, 2015). After the implementation of government laws and regulations, the small and medium-sized enterprises fear their survival as the costs are high which threatens the s urvival and growth of small organizations. The new law focuses more on the safety and protection of employees, which creates more pressure on the employers regarding labor-related problems which adversely affect the enterprise on the whole. It creates an unfair and unequal environment, some taking more of the advantages of the new rules by the state while some others are bearing the consequences of the same (Cooke, 2005). According to the law, it is necessary for the companies to pay for overtime by the workers, which also affects both the parties in different ways. A wide increase in the number of protests and campaigns has been marked performed in different ways by different people. Even though there are various laws and regulations made by the government under labor contract law and trade union law, people dont make correct use of legal terminology instead they take steps for collective and mass protests in various forms such as hunger strikes, committing suicide, work stoppage, rallies, killing of employer, etc. (Stackel, 2010). These kinds of action today in China exists a lot and are of voluntary in nature. The reason for these protests may vary, but the instances of their occurrences have increased comparatively and it should be managed appropriately as it adversely affects the economic development and the work culture of the economy. The State plays the primary and the most important role in the process of globalization. It creates interdependence and an imbalance of power as the countries differ in their economic and political strengths . There has been a negative impact of globalization on the employment relations in China. It has changed the corporate structure and culture of the country (Regina Chen, 2004). Earlier, in Chinese organizations, the corporate culture was associated with the basic norms of loyalty and trust which due to the impact of globalization has changed to the values and principles of ones own competitiveness and individualism within enterprises. Joint ventures also have a major role to play in the transformation of the culture in the corporate sector. The practice of appointment of managers from overseas and foreign countries also tends to change the work environment within organizations as they introduce their own work policies and methods into the workplace which transforms the work culture (Frenkel Kuruvilla, 2002). The employment relation system in China is actually a system of labor administration. It appears as the reforms and transitions in the market creates tremendous pressure on the employment relations in China. The country basically adopts a socialist system and is a state dominated structure. The debate among the scholars is still going on about the choice of employment relations system. Some scholars favor the corporatist system of employment relations as according to them Chinas market reforms are easier to convert into a corporatist structure while some others favor the pluralistic form of structure considering the geographic boundary and the diversification in its culture across different regions (Adler Mittelman, 2004). Chinas party-state laws and regulations seem to provide advantages and disadvantages simultaneously. Therefore, the role of the state is that to analyze each and every perspective, providing equal opportunities and benefits to all the parties concerned in order to create a balanced economy. Labor disputes are one of the major drawbacks which need to be looked upon considering the work structure of both the parties. The laws should be enforced in such a way that it should not lead to unnecessary benefits to any one of the party or individual. It should promote equal and fair chances of growth for everyone which is necessary for creating a harmonious environment. This will also enhance and encourage the economic as well as the industrial development of the country (Zhu, Warner, Feng, 2011). References Adler, G. Mittelman, J. (2004). Reconstituting Common-sense Knowledge: Representations of Globalization Protests.Int Relations,18(2), 189-211. Cathy Walker,. (2013). Review: Trade Unions in China.International Union Rights,20(3), 28. Chan, C. Hui, E. (2013). The Development of Collective Bargaining in China: From Collective Bargaining by Riot to Party State-led Wage Bargaining.The China Quarterly,217, 221-242. Chen, F. Tang, M. (2013). Labor Conflicts in China.Asian Survey,53(3), 559-583. Cooke, F. (2005). Employment relations in small commercial businesses in China.Industrial Relations Journal,36(1), 19-37. Cooke, F. (2008). The Changing Dynamics of Employment Relations in China: An Evaluation of the Rising Level of Labour Disputes.Journal Of Industrial Relations,50(1), 111-138. Frenkel, S. Kuruvilla, S. (2002). Logics of Action, Globalization, and Changing Employment Relations in China, India, Malaysia, and the Philippines.Industrial And Labor Relations Review,55(3), 387. Greenfield, W. (2004). Attention to people and principles is key to corporate governance and ethics.Employ. Relat. Today,30(4), 1-10. Howell, C. (2015). Regulating class in the neoliberal era: the role of the state in the restructuring of work and employment relations.Work, Employment Society,30(4), 573-589. Lin, K. (2016). Rising Inequality and Its Discontents in China.New Labor Forum. Regina Chen, Y. (2004). Effective public affairs in China: MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ government bargaining power and corporate strategies for influencing foreign business policy formulation.JCOM,8(4), 395-413. Scott, P. (2000). Studying State Employment Relations: A Maturing Discipline.Work, Employment Society,14(3), 585-588. Shao, S., Nyland, C., Zhu, C. (2011). Tripartite consultation: an emergent form of governance shaping employment relations in China.Industrial Relations Journal,42(4), 358-374. Stackel, L. (2010). Employment relations programs.Empl. Rel. Today,16(2), 167-169. Vriesacker, B. Mortelmans, K. (2015). Mediation in hierarchical labor conflicts.TBV - Tijdschrift Voor Bedrijfs- En Verzekeringsgeneeskunde,23(4), 165-166. Wailes, N. (2008). Rethinking Globalization and Employment Relations: Introduction to the Symposium.Journal Of Industrial Relations,50(5), 675-679. Wong, J. (2008). China and the World Trade Organization.Asian Economic Journal,10(3), 291-303. Zhu, Y., Warner, M., Feng, T. (2011). Employment relations with Chinese characteristics: The role of trade unions in China.International Labour Review,150(1-2), 127-143.

The War Essay Example For Students

The War Essay The Persian Gulf War all started because of one countrys greed for oil. Iraq accused Kuwait of pumping oil and not sharing the benefits, and Kuwait was pumping more oil than allowed under quotas set by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, it decreased the price of oil, Iraqs main export. Iraqs complaints against Kuwait grew more and more harsh, but they were mostly about money. When Iraqi forces began to assemble near the Kuwaiti border in the summer of 1990, several Arab states tried to intervene the dispute. Kuwait did not want to look weak so they did not ask for any help from the United States or other non-Arab powers for support. Arab mediators convinced Iraq and Kuwait to negotiate their differences in Saudi Arabia, on August 1, 1990, but that meeting resulted only in charges and countercharges. A second meeting was planned to take place in Baghdad, the Iraqi capital, but Iraq invaded Kuwait the next day, leading some people to think that Iraqi president Saddam Hussein had planned the invasion all along.The Iraqi attack began shortly after midnight on August 2. About 150,000 Iraqi troops, many of them veterans of the Iran-Iraq War, easily overwhelmed the unprepared and inexperienced Kuwaiti forces, which numbered about 20,000. By dawn, Iraq had assumed control of Kuwait City, the capital, and was soon in complete control of the country. The United Nation Security Council and the Arab League immediately condemned the Iraqi invasion. Four days later, the Security Council forced an economic restriction on Iraq that forbidden nearly all trades with Iraq. Any armed attempt to roll back the Iraqi invasion depended on Saudi Arabia, which shares a border with Iraq and Kuwait. Saudi Arabia did not have the power to fight Iraq alone . So Saudi rulers did eventually open the country to foreign forces, in mainly because they were worried by Iraqs aggressive negotiations also U.S. intelligence reports claimed that Iraqi forces were well positioned for a strike against Saudi Arabia. Beginning a week after the Iraqi take over of Kuwait and continuing for several months, a large international force called the international coalition gathered in Saudi Arabia. The United States sent more than 400,000 troops, and more than 200,000 additional troops came from Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, France, Kuwait, Egypt, Syria, Senegal, Niger, Morocco, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain. Other countries contributed ships, air forces, and medical units, including Canada, Italy, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Poland, and South Korea. Still other countries made other contributions: Turkey allowed air bases on its territory to be used by coalition planes, and Japan and Germany gave financial support. The primary goal of the force was to prevent further Iraqi action, but most countries were aware the force might eventually be used to drive Iraq from Kuwait.